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The Ultimate Guide To Electronic Sump Pump Switches And Choosing The Best
When it comes to protecting your home from flooding, a sump pump is an essential device for your basement or crawl space. Too often home owners forget about their pump until basement flooding occurs. Or if you are like us we feared heavy rainstorms because the sump pump float switch might fail.
Traditional mechanical sump pump float switch systems are great when they are new and work correctly; however with age, the buoyant float gets stuck or the switch wears out. After all they are mechanical. And mechanical things do have a limited life span.
The introduction of the electronic switch brings relief to home owners. The electronic switch consists of no mechanical moving parts that wear out; no float that gets caught or stuck, and no switch that fails to start and stop the sump pump when it is most needed to protect the basement or crawl space from flooding.
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An electronic sump pump switch is a device that controls when your sump pump turns on or off. Like traditional mechanical switches, it performs the same basic function, but it uses electronic components instead of moving parts.
The switch has two main parts: a sensor and a controller. The sensor takes the place of the traditional float switch or diaphragm, while the controller replaces the mechanical switch.
What makes it electronic is the fact that it uses solid-state technology-meaning it controls the electrical current with semiconductors (like transistors and diodes) instead of relying on moving components. This allows for more reliable operation and fewer wear-and-tear issues compared to mechanical switches.
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Why Upgrade From A Traditional Float Switch To An Electronic Switch?
Traditional float switches use a buoyant float that moves with the water level. As the water rises, the float triggers a switch to turn the pump on; when the water level drops, the float turns the pump off. This system works, but during heavy rainstorms or flooding, it can become overworked, causing heavy wear and tear.
Here's why:
Fast Movement: During a storm, the float switch constantly moves up and down, which causes stress on the parts.
Float Issues: The float can get stuck against the pit wall, especially if the pump is lightweight and shifts around.
Magnetic Contamination: Over time, groundwater with minerals like calcium carbonate build up and affect the magnetic reed switch.
Wear and Tear: The friction from the switch turning on and off wears out the mechanical parts, reducing reliability.
To overcome these limitations, electronic switches offer a modern upgrade. They use solid-state technology, which means there are no moving parts to wear out. This makes them more durable, reliable, and less prone to the common issues faced by traditional float switches.
The electronic switch uses sensors to detect changes in water levels in a sump pit, and a digital controller manages the pump based on the data from these sensors. The system has no moving parts.
The sensors can detect water changes through various methods like height, pressure, ion concentration, or sound waves. Once a change is detected, the sensor sends this information to the digital controller. The controller then interprets this data according to its programming and decides when to turn the pump on or off.
Electronic Water Level Detection and Pump Control Three Step Process
Step 1 - Water Level Detection
The sensor(s) detect the water level using methods like capacitors, pressure, or ultrasonic sound waves.
Step 2 - Signal Processing
Once the sensor(s) detect a change, they send a signal to the controller. The controller processes this signal based on its programming to determine whether the pump should turn on or off.
Step 3 - Pump Activation
If the controller determines the water level requires action, it will activate or stop the pump accordingly..
The way the electronic switch works definitely highlights key differences between it and the traditional mechanical float switch.
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Key Differences Between The Electronic And Mechanical Switch
1. Functionality
Once the sensor(s) detect a change, they send a signal to the controller. The controller processes this signal based on its programming to determine whether the pump should turn on or off..
Electronic Sensors: These sensors remain stationary and send digital signals to the controller to detect changes in water levels.
Mechanical Float Sensors: In contrast, mechanical switches use a floating device or diaphragm membrane that physically moves with the change of water level. This movement triggers a switch action, which is mechanical.
2. Mechanism of Action:
Electronic Sensors: When the water level changes, electronic sensors detect the change and send a digital signal to the controller, which responses by sending electrical current to the pump.
Mechanical Float Sensors: The mechanical float moves with the water level, triggering a clicking, snapping rotary or swinging motion that actuates the switch. Over time, this repetitive movement causes wear on the mechanical components, which can lead to failure.
3. Durability and Cost
Electronic Sensors: These tend to be more expensive initially due to their advanced technology. However, they offer a longer lifespan because they have fewer moving parts and do not experience the same wear and tear as mechanical switches. As a result, while the upfront cost is higher, electronic switches often save money over time by reducing the need for replacement.
Mechanical Float Sensors: These are typically more affordable but tend to wear out faster due to the constant physical movement of the float and switch connection. This wear can lead to more frequent maintenance and replacements, which can add up over time.
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Types of Electronic Sensors
Just like the traditional mechanical switch relies on difference styles or types of floats (tether, magnetic vertical, graphite vertical, snap action vertical and diaphragm) the electronic switch (controller) relies on different types of electronic sensors.
Capacitive Sensor
The Capacitive Sensor measures capacitance, which changes as the water level rises because the water alters the dielectric properties around the sensor. When the water level rises, the sensor's capacitance increases, and when the water level lowers, the capacitance decreases. Once the sensor detects a change in capacitance (due to the water level rising or falling), it sends a signal to a pump controller. This signal then triggers the pump to turn on or off based on programmed preset commands based on water level conditions (maximum or minimum levels).
- Capacitive sensors detect changes in capacitance
- The water level affects capacitance due to the difference in dielectric properties of water compared to air.
- The sensor's output is a digital signal that is read by a controller. The controller commands the pump to turn on or off based on water level change.
In Summary
The Capacitive Sensor detects the water level change in the pit and generates a digital signal based on the change it senses. But on its own, it can't turn the pump on or off.
The Controller receives the signal from the sensor, interprets the sensor's signal and then issues the command to turn the pump on and off.
Hydrostatic Pressure Sensor
The Hydrostatic Pressure Sensor works by detecting the pressure exerted by the water in the sump pit and sending a signal to an electronic controller to activate or deactivate the pump. The pressure sensor is placed at the bottom of the sump pit detecting the weight of the water above it. The deeper the water, the greater the pressure on the sensor. The pressure sensor continues to measure the pressure to determine the water level.
As the water level rises, the sensor converts the increase in pressure into an electrical signal which is read by the controller. The controller turns the pump on and off based on programmed preset commands for change in the electrical signal.
In Summary
The hydrostatic pressure sensor in a sump pit measures the hydrostatic pressure that increases as the water level rises. It converts that pressure into an electrical signal and sends it to a controller.
The Controller is programmed with set points for minimum and maximum water levels. When the water level reaches its thresholds, the controller turns the pump on or off based on the signal from the sensor.
The Ultrasonic sensors work by emitting high-frequency sound waves (ultrasonic sound waves beyond the range of human hearing). The sound waves travel through the air and reflect off the surface of the water in the sump pit. The sensor then receives the reflected sound waves as they return. The sensor measures the time it takes for the sound waves to travel from the sensor to the water surface and back. Once the sensor knows the distance to the water surface, it sends a signal to the controller. When the water level exceeds a predefined threshold, the control activates the pump to remove the excess water.
In Summary
Ultrasonic sensors, though uniquely have no direct contact with the water and are not impacted by debris, rely on sound waves and the calculated time it takes for the emitted sound waves to return to the sensor after bouncing off the water's surface. The calculated time results are sent as a signal to the controller.
The Controller uses the information sent by the sensor to determine whether the water level has exceeded the pre-programmed water level threshold. When the water level rises to the ON setting (the sensor detects the shorter distance to the water), the controller turns the sump pump on. Conversely, if the water level falls below this threshold, the pump is turned off.
Solid state electronic switches offer many tangible advantages.
Reduced Risk of Malfunction: There is no float to become contaminated, get hung up in the basin or worse yet get stuck in the on or off position.
More Accurate Water Level Detection: Electronic switches are very accurate in determining pit water level especially during heavy rainstorms because there is no dependency on physical movement.
Durability: Since there are no moving parts, the traditional wear and tear is removed. Electronic switch have a much longer lifespans and definitely require less maintenance.
Energy Efficiency: Their sensor control system precisely controls when the pump turns on and off. Some include built-in features like anti-cycling algorithms. These algorithms monitor the rate at which water is accumulating and will delay the next cycle if the water level is dropping too slowly. Others allow increasing the distance of the Hi Lo sensors when attached to the PVC discharge pipe. This prevents the pump from turning on and off so frequently, which is a key energy-saving feature.
Advanced Features: The inclusion of smart monitoring, remote control, alarms, and diagnostics increase owners peace of mind.
How to Choose the Best Electronic Sump Pump Switch for Your Needs
Choosing an electronic sump pump switch is made easier by considering a few factors.
1) Water Quality In the Pit
Though the switch has no moving parts, water quality does determine which type of electronic switch works best. Capacitive or ultrasonic switches work best in dirty water or debris. Hydrostatic switches work in all types of water quality, but a specific model type of hydrostatic switch is needed for sewage.
2) Sump Pit Size
Hydrostatic sensors are good for deep pits, though they work in shallow too, because the height placement of the Hi and Lo sensors are customizable without recalibration challenges. Some even allow a 10 foot distance between the Hi and Lo sensor placement on the PVC discharge pipe.
Capacitive and ultrasonic sensors are more suited for smaller, shallower pits. Capacitive sensors are more sensitive and need calibration after changing the height. Ultrasonic sensors need to consider how the angle and height affect the sensor's range. Therefore, customization is more complex for both of these types.
3) Reliability
Even though electronic switches are more reliable and durable than traditional mechanical switches, some types of electronic switches are more reliable than others.
Hydrostatic switches are more reliable for fluctuating water levels or pits subject to vibration or shock,
4) Budget
Capacitive and ultrasonic switches tend to be more affordable compared to hydrostatic; switches. That is because hydrostatic switches are more durable and accurate in dirty water environments.
5) Ease of Installation
Capacitive sensors are generally compact and require only basic mounting hardware (such as screws or brackets). Once mounted, capacitive sensors typically require minimal configuration or calibration. You don't have to worry about alignment or avoiding obstacles during installation.
Ultrasonic Sensors are moderately easy to install. Since they emit sound waves that need a clear path to detect objects, the sensor needs to be mounted at an optimal angle to avoid unwanted reflections or interference. Misalignment can result in false readings.
Hydrostatic sensors require more careful installation. However they are not difficult to install. It requires you to install a small sensor tube in the sump pit and connect the wiring for the power supply. Some are designed so the switch controller plugs into the wall outlet and the pump motor plugs in the piggyback of the switch controller.
Popular Brands And Models Of Electronic Sump Pump Switches (Sensor And Controller)
The following three electronic sump pump sensor switch controllers are the most popular: HC6000v2, Ortis 02 and LevelGuard Z24800A1Z because they include sensors, a controller and are easy to install.
HydroCheck HC6000v2
The HydroCheck HC6000v2 is classified as a hydrostatic solid-state electronic sump pump switch. It is a plug-in style switch or pump control unit that integrates both the sensor and control functions.
It consists of a Hi and Lo sensor, along with a piggyback wall outlet plug controller. This makes it easy to install.
To ensure accurate pressure and electrical readings, simply place the Hi and Lo sensors on a ½-inch PVC pipe. Then, attach that pipe to the PVC discharge pipe. This setup allows the sensors to correctly read both the water pressure and the electrical current, providing reliable operation through its pre-programmed controller. The HC6000 Switch Controller is plugged into a wall outlet and the sump pump motor cord is plugged into the back of the switch controller's piggyback plug.
The On Off height for the Hi Lo sensor can range from one-half inch to 10 feet.
This is the unit we installed in 2011 and has been running without failure for 14 years already.
Specifications
- Operates at 120V AC, making it compatible with most standard residential sump pump setups
- Handles a variety of sump pump motors, typically rated up to 15 amps, which is ideal for most pumps used in residential sump pump applications including most 1 HP sump pumps..
- Consists of a NEMA 6P waterproof rating, meaning it's fully sealed against water ingress.
- Allows customization of pump on and off height. The range can be anywhere from one-half inch to 10 feet on. It is important to remember the off point should be above the pump volute (base) so the pump does not run dry and burn the motor up.
- Made from durable, high-quality materials that resist wear and corrosion from water, humidity, and other environmental factors.
- Comes with a built-in alarm or indicator to warn the system isn't working as expected.
- Uses little energy. It has a low-energy design; it doesn't strain your electric bill, making it an energy-efficient solution.
The Ortis 02 is a hydrostatic electronic switch. The installation of the Ortis Hi-Lo Switch is more involved compared to the HydroCheck HC600v2.
The Ortis Hi-Lo Sump Pump Switch is not designed with a physical piggyback to plug in your pump's motor cord. Instead the Ortis 02 needs to be wired into the electrical circuit that powers the sump pump so it can act as a middleman between the sump pump and the power supply.
It doesn't directly supply power to the pump but rather controls the flow of electricity, turning the pump on or off based on the water level detected by the switch. The sump pump's motor cord is typically plugged into a standard electrical outlet.
It's the Ortis Hi-Lo Switch that modulates the power supply to the pump. This means it controls when the pump is activated, ensuring the pump runs only when the water level is high enough to trigger it, and shuts off when the water level drops.
The On Off height of the sensors can range from one-half inch to 20 inches.
Summary:
The Ortis Hi-Lo Sump Pump Switch is not designed with a physical piggyback to plug in your pump's motor cord. Instead, it is wired directly to an electrical supply box circuit. The pump is plugged into the wall outlet the Ortis Hi Lo switch is wired to. It functions by controlling the electrical flow to the pump based on the water level readings from the sensors.
Specifications
- Operates at 110V and 220 AC, making it compatible with most standard residential sump pump setups.
- Handles a variety of sump pump motors, typically rated up to 20 amps, which is ideal for all residential sump pumps.
- Claims to be waterproof and its dual sensors are stainless steel.
- Allows customization of pump on and off height. The range can be anywhere from one-half inch to 20 inches on. The off point should be above the pump volute (base) so the pump impeller attached to the motor does not run dry and burn the motor up.
- The dual sensors are made of 304 stainless steel and is not affected by mineral or water debris. It has strong corrosion resistance and never needs to be cleaned.
- Comes with overload and pump failure alarm. The alarm activates when the pump power is greater than 23A.Built-in alarms are activated in case of pump failure, blocked discharge pipe, and more.
- Adjusting the levels of the dual sensors allow for energy efficiency.
Level Guard Z24800A1Z
The LevelGuard Z24800A1Z uses capacitive sensing technology, which measures changes in capacitance as the water level changes. As water comes in contact with the sensor, it affects the electrical field around the sensor, and this change in capacitance is used to detect the water level.
The switch sensor is 10 inches in height. The sensor can be placed at any height; however the distance between the on and off height in 10 inches. The height range of 10 inches is not adjustable. The cable on the LevelGuard is 9 feet.
The LevelGuard Z24800A1Z consists for a level sensor and a piggyback style switch controller so the sump pump motor cord is plugged into the piggyback on the switch controller and the switch controller is plugged into the wall socket.
Specifications
- Operates at 120V AC, making it compatible with most standard residential sump pump setups.
- Handles a variety of sump pump motors, typically rated up to 12 amps, which is ideal for most pumps used in residential sump pump applications including most three-fourths HP sump pumps..
- Consists of a NEMA 6P waterproof rating, meaning it's fully sealed against water ingress.
- Allows customization of pump on and off height up to 10 inches. It should be attached to the PVC discharge pipe so that the off point is above the pump volute (base) so the pump does not run dry and burn the motor up.
- Uses little energy because more water is pumped during a single pump cycle.
Our Recommendation: The HydroCheck HC6000v2 Electronic Switch (Sensors And Controller)
Our recommended electronic switch device is the Hydrocheck HC6000v2 (versioning uses same features as the original (HC6000 with added features).
Durability And Reliability
The Hydrocheck HC6000 is extremely durable and reliable. We installed ours in 2011, and after 14 years of use, it is still working perfectly without any failure. This longevity speaks to its high-quality build.
Calcium Carbonate Resistance
- The Hydrocheck HC6000's sensors are resistant to calcium carbonate buildup, a common issue with traditional float switches. We've never needed to clean our sensors since installation, and they've worked perfectly for 14 years
- Our ground water contains calcium carbonate because the traditional sump pump float switches we used several years ago relied on graphite. After around 2 years of use the float switch failed because of ground water contamination.
No Electrical Skill Required
- Unlike some solid state electronic sump pump switches, installing the HC6000 required no wiring knowledge or experience.
- The HC6000 plugs directly into a wall outlet and the pump motor cord plugs into the HC6000 piggyback outlet.
LED Light Status Indication
- The LED lights indicate the status of the switch. It is great relief to see the LED signals change as the water level increases in the pit to the sensor tips.
Up To 15 Running Amps
- Seeing the HC6000v2 and its other versions are capable of handling sump pumps using up to 15 running Amps brought great relief. With all of the water we get we needed it to work with a three-fourth HP and even a 1 HP pump.
Customer Support
- We like to know how things work. We are delighted that HydroCheck support is responsive and explains things so we can understand them.
Discovering and installing the HC6000 was a great decision. It increases our quality of life. We no longer fear heavy rainstorms because of sump pump switch failure.
When installing the Hydrocheck HC6000, we requested a visit from a Hydrocheck engineer to ensure our installation was correct. From that visit, we learned several important tips:
No Need For A New Pump
- Just because we already had a sump pump with an integrated float switch, did not mean we had to buy a new pump when installing the Hydrocheck HC6000 and its versions.
- We simply tied the piggyback float switch cord to the discharge pipe overhead and plugged the existing pump motor cord into the piggyback outlet on the back of the HC6000. The same is true for the HC5000v2.
- One of the best features of the Hydrocheck HC6000 or any of its versions is that you don't need to buy a new pump. If you already have a sump pump with an integrated float switch, you can simply attach the float switch cord to the pump's discharge pipe and plug the existing pump cord into the HC6000 . It works with manual pumps that do not have a float switch or pumps that do have a piggyback plug or the float is tied in the on positions.
Sensor Placement:
- Attaching the Hi Lo sensors to a separate one-half inch PVC pipe and then attaching that pipe to the main pump PVC discharge pipe. This ensures the small trickle charge release in the sump water from the Hi Lo sensors is grounded and the water pressure in the pit as it fills with water is sensed accurately.
- The Lo sensor should be placed just above the pump's volute (the base of the pump) to ensure the motor always has water, preventing dry running.
- The Hi sensor can be placed just below the bottom of the groundwater inlet tubing. This increases the distance between the Hi and Lo sensors, which decreases pump cycles, reduces motor wear, and improves electrical efficiency.
- By increasing the distance between the Hi and Lo sensors by just 2 inches, we pump an extra 2 gallons of water per cycle. In our 18-inch diameter pit, each inch of depth equals one gallon of water. Each additional gallon of water removed per cycle counts up because we live in a high water table area and our sump pump runs even when there is no rain and runs continuously during heavy rains.
Solid-state electronic sump pump switches are a significant upgrade over traditional mechanical float switches. With no moving parts, these switches are precise, sending digital signals to the controller. The controller, also with no moving parts, quickly activates the pump when needed. This seamless operation means fewer failures and greater reliability-ideal for protecting your basement from flooding.
Now is the time to review your current system, consider the benefits of an electronic switch, and take action based on your review.. Installing an electronic switch is simple and can be done on your own. Don't wait until it's too late-protect your basement from flooding and enjoy peace of mind knowing your sump pump will work flawlessly when you need it most.
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